{"id":19905,"date":"2025-01-21T16:27:22","date_gmt":"2025-01-21T14:27:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tml.lt\/en\/?page_id=19905"},"modified":"2025-10-31T12:46:15","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T10:46:15","slug":"review-of-ul-astm-mil-standards-for-marking-insulation-and-installation-of-wires","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/solutions\/electric-power-supply\/review-of-ul-astm-mil-standards-for-marking-insulation-and-installation-of-wires\/","title":{"rendered":"Przegl\u0105d norm UL, ASTM, MIL dotycz\u0105cych znakowania, izolacji i instalacji przewod\u00f3w"},"content":{"rendered":"<div align=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Review-of-UL-ASTM-MIL-standards-for-insulation-materials-heat-shrink-tubing-wire-markings-and-cable-ties.jpg\" alt=\"Przegl&#261;d norm UL, ASTM, MIL dla materia&#322;&oacute;w izolacyjnych, rur termokurczliwych, oznacznik&oacute;w do przewod&oacute;w i opasek kablowych.\"><\/div>\n<p>Normy i certyfikaty maj&#261; na celu zapewnienie bezpiecze&#324;stwa ludzi i mienia. Jednak znalezienie szczeg&oacute;&#322;owych informacji w Internecie jest trudne, poniewa&#380; tekst norm jest chroniony prawem autorskim. Normy mo&#380;na naby&#263; w organizacjach, kt&oacute;re je tworz&#261;. Celem tego przegl&#261;du jest dostarczenie og&oacute;lnych informacji dotycz&#261;cych norm i certyfikat&oacute;w w dziedzinie ochrony kabli.<\/p>\n<p>\nW Ameryce P&oacute;&#322;nocnej typy przewod&oacute;w i procedury s&#261; cz&#281;sto okre&#347;lane przez normy wydane przez ni&#380;ej wymienione organizacje. Poni&#380;sze linki prowadz&#261; do odpowiednich witryn.<\/p>\n<h2>&bull; <a href=\"#ul\">UL<\/a><\/h2>\n<p>Wcze&#347;niej znana jako Underwriters Laboratories, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/\">UL<\/a> to ameryka&#324;ska firma certyfikuj&#261;ca bezpiecze&#324;stwo, posiadaj&#261;ca biura i laboratoria badawcze na ca&#322;ym &#347;wiecie. Ameryka&#324;ska Agencja ds. Bezpiecze&#324;stwa i Higieny Pracy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/\">OSHA<\/a>) ufa tej organizacji w przeprowadzaniu test&oacute;w w celu okre&#347;lenia charakterystyki dzia&#322;ania produkt&oacute;w.<br>\n<a href=\"#ul\">Wi&#281;cej&hellip;<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>&bull; <a href=\"#Recognized\">UL Recognized Component<\/a> <\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/UL-Recognized-Component.png\" alt=\"Komponent Uznany UL\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20058\"> Komponent Uznany UL\n<\/p><p>To logo UL Recognized Component wskazuje, &#380;e produkt nie spe&#322;nia standardu UL, ale jest zaprojektowany do bycia cz&#281;&#347;ci&#261; produktu certyfikowanego przez UL.<br>\n<a href=\"#Recognized\">Wi&#281;cej&hellip;<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>&bull; <a href=\"#astm\">ASTM <\/a><\/h2>\n<p>Dawniej znana jako American Society for Testing and Materials, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/\">ASTM<\/a> ma siedzib&#281; w Stanach Zjednoczonych, ale jest mi&#281;dzynarodow&#261; organizacj&#261; normalizacyjn&#261;. Istnieje ponad 12 000 norm <a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/astm\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, is a global organization that develops voluntary consensus standards. Nowadays there are about 12 thousand ASTM standards in use all around the world and many of them relate directly or indirectly to the labeling industry.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">ASTM<\/a> u&#380;ywanych na ca&#322;ym &#347;wiecie w r&oacute;&#380;nych bran&#380;ach, od zabawek po okablowanie.<br>\n<a href=\"#ASTM\">Wi&#281;cej&hellip;<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>&bull; <a href=\"#MIL\">MIL i MS<\/a><\/h2>\n<p>MIL oznacza standardy wojskowe Stan&oacute;w Zjednoczonych. S&#322;u&#380;&#261; one poprawie unifikacji i kompatybilno&#347;ci z logistyk&#261; i innymi systemami zwi&#261;zanymi z obronno&#347;ci&#261;. Niekt&oacute;re z tych norm sta&#322;y si&#281; powszechne w r&oacute;&#380;nych ga&#322;&#281;ziach przemys&#322;u, poniewa&#380; ich zgodno&#347;&#263; jest konieczna do realizacji kontrakt&oacute;w rz&#261;dowych. Skr&oacute;t MS oznacza &bdquo;specyfikacje wojskowe&rdquo;.<br>\n<a href=\"#MIL\">Wi&#281;cej&hellip;<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ul\">UL<\/h2>\n<p><i><a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/ul224\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"UL 224 standard specifies requirements, including flammability, for insulating tubing, which is usually round in cross-section and consists entirely of extruded components. These requirements also cover heat-shrinkable and crosslinked tubing. UL (Underwriters Laboratories) is a global organization focused on ensuring that products meet the requirements of various manufacturers, retailers and consumers, as well as the&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">UL224<\/a><\/i> to norma, kt&oacute;ra definiuje wymagania dla rurek izolacyjnych, kt&oacute;re zazwyczaj maj&#261; przekr&oacute;j ko&#322;owy. Sk&#322;adaj&#261; si&#281; one w ca&#322;o&#347;ci z wyt&#322;aczanych mieszanek, kt&oacute;rych charakterystycznymi sk&#322;adnikami s&#261;:<\/p>\n<div align=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"\/pl\/product-category\/insulation-sealing-protection\/heat-shrinkable-tubes-and-products\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Heat-shrink-tubing.jpg\" alt=\"Rurki termokurczliwe\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\"><br>Rurki termokurczliwe<\/a><\/div>\n<p>&bull; polimery termoutwardzalne;<br>\n&bull; elastomery;<br>\n&bull; polimery termoplastyczne.<br>\n<\/p>\n<p>Wymagania tej normy obejmuj&#261; r&oacute;wnie&#380; rurki termokurczliwe i rurki usieciowane. Je&#347;li chodzi o zastosowania, rurki z certyfikatem <i><a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/ul224\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"UL 224 standard specifies requirements, including flammability, for insulating tubing, which is usually round in cross-section and consists entirely of extruded components. These requirements also cover heat-shrinkable and crosslinked tubing. UL (Underwriters Laboratories) is a global organization focused on ensuring that products meet the requirements of various manufacturers, retailers and consumers, as well as the&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">UL224<\/a><\/i> s&#261; przeznaczone do u&#380;ytku jako cz&#281;&#347;&#263; wewn&#281;trznego okablowania urz&#261;dze&#324; i sprz&#281;tu elektrycznego. Mog&#261; by&#263; u&#380;ywane do nast&#281;puj&#261;cych cel&oacute;w:<br>\n\t&bull; izolacja jednego lub wi&#281;cej niewystarczaj&#261;co izolowanych przewod&oacute;w;<br>\n\t&bull; szyny zbiorcze;<br>\n\t&bull; kable w silnikach elektrycznych;<br>\n\t&bull; przewody w transformatorach;<br>\n\t&bull; ko&#324;c&oacute;wki kablowe;<br>\n\t&bull; ma&#322;e zespo&#322;y komponent&oacute;w elektronicznych.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div align=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"\/pl\/product-category\/insulation-sealing-protection\/cable-braiding\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Flexible-braids.jpg\" alt=\"Oploty elastyczne\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\"><br>Oploty elastyczne<\/a><\/div>\n<p>Przy stosowaniu rurki z certyfikatem <i><a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/ul224\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"UL 224 standard specifies requirements, including flammability, for insulating tubing, which is usually round in cross-section and consists entirely of extruded components. These requirements also cover heat-shrinkable and crosslinked tubing. UL (Underwriters Laboratories) is a global organization focused on ensuring that products meet the requirements of various manufacturers, retailers and consumers, as well as the&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">UL224<\/a><\/i> zak&#322;ada si&#281;, &#380;e nie b&#281;dzie mia&#322;a kontaktu z ostrymi kraw&#281;dziami, naro&#380;nikami lub wyst&#281;pami, i nie b&#281;dzie rozci&#261;gana, &#347;ciskana ani wielokrotnie zginana. Nie jest r&oacute;wnie&#380; przeznaczona do stosowania tam, gdzie mo&#380;na u&#380;y&#263; standardowego izolowanego przewodu specjalnie zaprojektowanego do takiego zadania.<\/p>\n<p>\n<br>\nNast&#281;puj&#261;cy certyfikat <i><a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/ul224\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"UL 224 standard specifies requirements, including flammability, for insulating tubing, which is usually round in cross-section and consists entirely of extruded components. These requirements also cover heat-shrinkable and crosslinked tubing. UL (Underwriters Laboratories) is a global organization focused on ensuring that products meet the requirements of various manufacturers, retailers and consumers, as well as the&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">UL224<\/a><\/i> jest cz&#281;sto u&#380;ywany dla rurek termokurczliwych: 125&deg;C VW-1 600 Volts (E204071). Test VW-1 jest wa&#380;ny. Pokazuje, &#380;e materia&#322; rurki termokurczliwej nie przyczyni si&#281; do po&#380;aru poprzez podtrzymywanie spalania przez d&#322;u&#380;szy czas. (Nale&#380;y zauwa&#380;y&#263;, &#380;e niepalno&#347;&#263; os&#322;ony ochronnej kabla jest cz&#281;sto definiowana jako zdolno&#347;&#263; do zaprzestania palenia si&#281; po usuni&#281;ciu &#378;r&oacute;d&#322;a ciep&#322;a.)<\/p>\n<p>\n<i><a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/ul94\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"UL 94 is standard for safety tests for flammability of plastic materials for parts in devices and appliances. This standard is issued by UL (Underwriters Laboratories). It determines the tendency of a material to either extinguish or spread the flame after the sample is ignited. UL94 is now harmonized with International Electrotechnical Commission standards IEC&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">UL94<\/a><\/i> to norma palno&#347;ci dla tworzyw sztucznych. Jest u&#380;ywana na przyk&#322;ad do testowania <a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/nylon\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Nylon is a durable plastic that can be used as a film with high resistance to oil and gas. Also used as a thread in strapping tapes with a high degree of mechanical strength.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">nylon<\/a>owych kana&#322;&oacute;w kablowych.<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div align=\"alignright\"><a href=\"\/pl\/product-category\/insulation-sealing-protection\/insulating-tapes\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Insulating-tapes.jpg\" alt=\"Ta&#347;my izolacyjne\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\"><br>Ta&#347;my izolacyjne<\/a><\/div>\n<p>Zazwyczaj certyfikat <i><a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/ul94\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"UL 94 is standard for safety tests for flammability of plastic materials for parts in devices and appliances. This standard is issued by UL (Underwriters Laboratories). It determines the tendency of a material to either extinguish or spread the flame after the sample is ignited. UL94 is now harmonized with International Electrotechnical Commission standards IEC&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">UL94<\/a><\/i> jest okre&#347;lany wraz z klas&#261; palno&#347;ci: V-0, V-1 lub V-2. Procedura testowania jest nast&#281;puj&#261;ca.<br>\n1. Testowane s&#261; 2 zestawy po 10 pr&oacute;bek, ka&#380;dy dla danej grubo&#347;ci.<br>\n2. Po przechowywaniu przez 48 godzin w temperaturze 73,4&deg;F (23&deg;C) i wilgotno&#347;ci wzgl&#281;dnej 50%, testowanych jest 5 pr&oacute;bek z ka&#380;dej grubo&#347;ci.<br>\n3. 5 pr&oacute;bek z ka&#380;dej grubo&#347;ci testowanych jest po 7 dniach w temperaturze 158&deg;F (70&deg;C).<br>\n4. Ka&#380;da pr&oacute;bka jest ustawiana tak, aby jej d&#322;uga o&#347; by&#322;a pionowa.<br>\n5. Ka&#380;da pr&oacute;bka jest mocowana w odleg&#322;o&#347;ci 10 mm nad palnikiem gazowym Bunsena.<br>\n6. Nast&#281;pnie niebieski p&#322;omie&#324; o wysoko&#347;ci 20 mm jest przyk&#322;adany do &#347;rodka dolnej kraw&#281;dzi pr&oacute;bki przez 10 sekund. Je&#347;li spalanie ustanie w ci&#261;gu 30 sekund, personel laboratorium wznawia p&#322;omie&#324; na kolejne 10 sekund.<br>\n7. Je&#347;li pr&oacute;bka kapie, cz&#261;stki mog&#261; spada&#263; z wysoko&#347;ci 300 mm na warstw&#281; suchej ch&#322;onnej waty chirurgicznej, kt&oacute;ra jest umieszczona poni&#380;ej.<\/p>\n<p>\nWyniki interpretuje si&#281; nast&#281;puj&#261;co.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table\">\n<tr>\n<td>Wszystkie klasy<\/td>\n<td>Po ka&#380;dym przy&#322;o&#380;eniu p&#322;omienia, pr&oacute;bki nie mog&#261; pali&#263; si&#281; p&#322;omieniem przez d&#322;u&#380;ej ni&#380; 10 sekund.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V-0<\/td>\n<td>Ca&#322;kowity czas palenia si&#281; p&#322;omieniem nie mo&#380;e przekroczy&#263; 50 sekund dla 10 przy&#322;o&#380;e&#324; p&#322;omienia dla ka&#380;dego zestawu 5 pr&oacute;bek.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V-1<br>\nV-2<\/td>\n<td>Ca&#322;kowity czas palenia si&#281; p&#322;omieniem nie mo&#380;e przekroczy&#263; 250 sekund dla 10 przy&#322;o&#380;e&#324; p&#322;omienia dla ka&#380;dego zestawu 5 pr&oacute;bek.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wszystkie klasy<\/td>\n<td>Pr&oacute;bki nie mog&#261; pali&#263; si&#281; p&#322;omieniem ani tli&#263; si&#281; a&#380; do zacisku mocuj&#261;cego.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\nPoni&#380;ej przedstawiono r&oacute;&#380;nice mi&#281;dzy klasami palno&#347;ci.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table\">\n<tr>\n<td>V-0<\/td>\n<td>Pr&oacute;bki nie mog&#261; wytwarza&#263; kropel p&#322;on&#261;cych cz&#261;stek, kt&oacute;re zapalaj&#261; such&#261; wat&#281; chirurgiczn&#261;. Nie mog&#261; te&#380; podtrzymywa&#263; tl&#261;cego si&#281; spalania trwaj&#261;cego d&#322;u&#380;ej ni&#380; 30 sekund po drugim usuni&#281;ciu p&#322;omienia palnika.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V-1<\/td>\n<td>Pr&oacute;bki nie mog&#261; wytwarza&#263; kropel p&#322;on&#261;cych cz&#261;stek, kt&oacute;re zapalaj&#261; such&#261; wat&#281; chirurgiczn&#261;. Nie mog&#261; te&#380; podtrzymywa&#263; tl&#261;cego si&#281; spalania trwaj&#261;cego d&#322;u&#380;ej ni&#380; 60 sekund po drugim usuni&#281;ciu p&#322;omienia palnika.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V-2<\/td>\n<td>Pr&oacute;bki mog&#261; wytwarza&#263; krople p&#322;on&#261;cych cz&#261;stek, kt&oacute;re zapalaj&#261; such&#261; wat&#281; chirurgiczn&#261;. Mog&#261; r&oacute;wnie&#380; podtrzymywa&#263; tl&#261;ce si&#281; spalanie trwaj&#261;ce d&#322;u&#380;ej ni&#380; 60 sekund po drugim usuni&#281;ciu p&#322;omienia palnika.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p><h2 id=\"Recognized\">Komponent Uznany UL (UL Recognized Component)<\/h2>\n<p>Dla Komponent&oacute;w Uznanych UL przewidziane jest specjalne logo. Komponenty te nie s&#261; produktem ko&#324;cowym gotowym do instalacji na miejscu, ale zostan&#261; zainstalowane w innym urz&#261;dzeniu. A logo certyfikatu UL zostanie umieszczone na tym produkcie ko&#324;cowym.<br>\nPrzyk&#322;adowo, opaska kablowa mo&#380;e mie&#263; klas&#281; palno&#347;ci <a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/ul94\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"UL 94 is standard for safety tests for flammability of plastic materials for parts in devices and appliances. This standard is issued by UL (Underwriters Laboratories). It determines the tendency of a material to either extinguish or spread the flame after the sample is ignited. UL94 is now harmonized with International Electrotechnical Commission standards IEC&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">UL94<\/a> V-2, ale ca&#322;y produkt mo&#380;e by&#263; Komponentem Uznanym. Oznacza to, &#380;e nadaje si&#281; do u&#380;ytku wewn&#261;trz wi&#281;kszego produktu certyfikowanego przez UL.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ASTM\">ASTM<\/h2>\n<p><i><a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/astm\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, is a global organization that develops voluntary consensus standards. Nowadays there are about 12 thousand ASTM standards in use all around the world and many of them relate directly or indirectly to the labeling industry.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">ASTM<\/a><\/i> D4066 obejmuje materia&#322;y <a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/nylon\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Nylon is a durable plastic that can be used as a film with high resistance to oil and gas. Also used as a thread in strapping tapes with a high degree of mechanical strength.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">nylon<\/a>owe odpowiednie do formowania wtryskowego i wyt&#322;aczania. Jest zatwierdzona przez Departament Obrony USA. Materia&#322;y te musz&#261; spe&#322;nia&#263; wymagania normy dotycz&#261;ce g&#281;sto&#347;ci, wytrzyma&#322;o&#347;ci na rozci&#261;ganie, odporno&#347;ci na uderzenia mechaniczne i odporno&#347;ci na ciep&#322;o.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"MIL\">MIL i MS<\/h2>\n<p>Norma <i>MIL-M-20693<\/i> ma zastosowanie do materia&#322;&oacute;w, w szczeg&oacute;lno&#347;ci formowanego plastiku wykonanego z wytrzyma&#322;ego <a href=\"https:\/\/tml.lt\/pl\/encyclopedia\/nylon\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Nylon is a durable plastic that can be used as a film with high resistance to oil and gas. Also used as a thread in strapping tapes with a high degree of mechanical strength.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">nylon<\/a>u, u&#380;ywanego do zastosowa&#324; og&oacute;lnych, odpornych na warunki atmosferyczne i dielektrycznych.<\/p>\n<div align=\"alignright\"><a href=\"\/pl\/product-category\/insulation-sealing-protection\/cable-ties\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Cable-ties.jpg\" alt=\"Opaski kablowe\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20059\"><br>Opaski kablowe<\/a><\/div>\n<p><i>MS-25281<\/i> jest r&oacute;wnie&#380; norm&#261; wojskow&#261;, ale jest bardziej specyficzna dla element&oacute;w mocuj&#261;cych, w tym opasek kablowych i zacisk&oacute;w.<br>\nInn&#261; norm&#261; wojskow&#261; jest <i>MIL-S-23190E<\/i>, kt&oacute;ra obejmuje elementy plastikowe i metalowe, a tak&#380;e urz&#261;dzenia do wi&#261;zania i podtrzymywania kabli, zespo&#322;&oacute;w kablowych i przewod&oacute;w w sprz&#281;cie elektrycznym, elektronicznym i komunikacyjnym.<br>\n<i>MS-3367<\/i> zawiera specyfikacje dotycz&#261;ce opasek kablowych.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Normy i certyfikaty maj\u0105 na celu zapewnienie bezpiecze\u0144stwa ludzi i mienia. Jednak znalezienie szczeg\u00f3\u0142owych informacji w Internecie jest trudne, poniewa\u017c tekst norm jest chroniony prawem autorskim. Normy mo\u017cna naby\u0107 w organizacjach, kt\u00f3re je tworz\u0105. Celem tego przegl\u0105du jest dostarczenie og\u00f3lnych informacji dotycz\u0105cych norm i certyfikat\u00f3w w dziedzinie ochrony kabli. W Ameryce P\u00f3\u0142nocnej typy przewod\u00f3w i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":18917,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-sidebar-none.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19905","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Przegl\u0105d norm UL, ASTM, MIL dotycz\u0105cych znakowania, izolacji i instalacji przewod\u00f3w | TML<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Przegl\u0105d norm UL, ASTM, MIL dotycz\u0105cych znakowania, izolacji i instalacji przewod\u00f3w | TML\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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